Utility Simulator

What the simplified models assume

The cooling-tower example uses a 3 °C approach at 80% load, 80% fan speed and 100 m³/h circulating flow. Approach is scaled with load and simplified airflow/water-flow factors. Fan power follows a cubic speed relationship using a 15 kW reference. Wet-bulb temperature establishes the approximate thermodynamic cooling floor; this model omits fill condition, recirculation and detailed psychrometrics.

The compressor assumes 6.4 kW per m³/min at its reference point. Required production equals useful demand divided by one minus the leakage fraction. Filter differential and intake temperature apply simplified power penalties. It omits pressure-ratio curves, unloading cycles and compressor-specific control strategies. These assumptions are illustrative, not a promise of savings.

The boiler uses a 10 t/h reference and 2,778 kJ/kg illustrative steam enthalpy. Feedwater enthalpy is approximated by 4.186 times its Celsius temperature. Excess air and blowdown reduce estimated efficiency. Actual efficiency depends on fuel, pressure, feedwater chemistry and design; this model must never be used for combustion tuning. Daily cost equals estimated input power × running hours × entered USD energy tariff. For boilers, enter a fuel-energy tariff rather than an electricity price.